Chitwan National Park: Essential Guide to Wildlife Gem in Nepal

How to reach Chitwan National Park? 

By Air 

For travelers who prioritize speed and convenience, taking a flight to Chitwan offers the best option. Daily flights from Kathmandu to Bharatpur Airport take less than 30 minutes and operate from 8:00 AM to 3:30 PM, providing flexibility. Upon landing in Bharatpur, private cars, taxis, and local buses are readily available for the short 14 km trip to Sauraha, the gateway to Chitwan National Park. Booking flights in advance is advisable, especially during peak tourist seasons, to secure availability. 

By Bus 

Budget-conscious travelers or those who enjoy scenic routes often choose to travel by bus. Tourist buses regularly depart from both Kathmandu and Pokhara to Chitwan. In Kathmandu, catch these buses from the Sorhakhutte area, close to Thamel, and in the Pokhara lakeside area, local travel agencies provide departure information. Buses typically start their journey around 7:00 AM and take 5 to 7 hours, offering stunning views of the Nepalese countryside. Buses usually stop at Bachhauli village, which is about a 15-minute walk from Sauraha. For those who prefer not to walk, local transport options are available for the short distance from Bachhauli to Sauraha. Travelers heading towards Meghauli must make a stopover at Narayanghad and connect with onward transportation.

By Car 

For travelers seeking comfort and flexibility, hiring a private car or taxi offers an excellent choice. This option is available from both Kathmandu and Pokhara, with a journey time of about 4 to 5 hours. Although it is more expensive than bus travel, it provides a more comfortable ride, allows for stops at will for sightseeing or breaks, and delivers direct transportation to accommodation in Sauraha. Negotiate the price beforehand and ensure the driver is familiar with the route to Chitwan.

From India

If traveling from India to Chitwan National Park, head first to Gorakhpur or Varanasi. Take a bus to the Sunauli border crossing. After entering Nepal, board another bus to Narayanghat. From Narayanghat, it’s a short trip to Sauraha. The entire journey takes about 12 hours.

Once in Sauraha 

When you get to Sauraha, you can easily get around by walking or renting a bicycle. If you prefer a ride, you can use ride-sharing apps like Pathao for motorcycles or tuk-tuks. Sauraha is the main spot for visitors to Chitwan National Park, and the park entrance is close by, so it's a great place to stay while you explore the park and nearby areas.

Best time to visit Chitwan National Park 

Chitwan National Park in southern Nepal experiences four distinct seasons, each offering a unique experience for visitors. The summer season in  Chitwan National Park runs from March to May, bringing intense heat and high humidity. Daytime temperatures can reach up to 40°C (104°F), and the air feels even hotter due to the humidity. Despite the heat, wildlife viewing can be good as animals gather around water sources. Pre-monsoon showers in March and early April provide some relief and help in spotting animals because the vegetation is less dense. After the monsoon, the best season for the Chitwan National Park tour and safari will start which will provide the best weather, temperature, and views as well.

The monsoon season lasts from June to September in Chitwan National Park, with heavy rains, especially in July and August. Temperatures range from 25-35°C (77-95°F), and the park turns lush and green. However, flooding can make some areas inaccessible, and the park closes during this time due to poor visibility and safety risks. The park reopens in September when the rains decrease, offering a vibrant landscape with fewer tourists.

Autumn, from October to November, is considered the best time to visit Chitwan National Park. The weather is pleasant with clear skies and temperatures between 15-25°C (59-77°F). The lush growth from the monsoon starts to thin out, making wildlife easier to spot. In late October, the cutting of the tall elephant grass in Chitwan National Park makes it easier to see animals. This time of year is great for jungle safaris, bird watching, and canoeing.

Winter in Chitwan National Park, from December to February, brings mild, dry days and cool nights. Daytime temperatures are comfortable at 20-25°C (68-77°F), while nights can drop to 5°C (41°F). Morning fog often creates a mystical atmosphere around the rivers. Wildlife viewing is excellent as animals enjoy the sun. January and February are particularly good for birdwatching with many migratory birds arriving. While the clear weather is great for outdoor activities, warm clothing is needed for the cooler early mornings and evenings.

Although Chitwan is open year-round (except during peak monsoon), the period from October to February offers the best conditions with comfortable weather and great wildlife viewing. Each season has its charm, so visitors should choose based on their interests and weather preferences. 

Things to do in Chitwan National Park 

Jungle Safari and Wildlife Viewing 

Chitwan National Park Safari and wildlife viewing are popular activities to do in Chitwan National Park. Visitors can explore the park's diverse habitats in jeeps or on elephant-back rides, guided by experienced naturalists. These excursions provide exciting chances to spot animals like the endangered one-horned rhinoceros, Bengal tigers, leopards, and various deer species in their natural environment. The safaris last a few hours and let tourists observe and photograph wildlife while learning about the park's ecosystems and conservation efforts from knowledgeable guides.

Canoeing 

Exploring Chitwan's waterways by canoe is a peaceful and unforgettable experience. Visitors glide along the Rapti River or other park water bodies, seeing aquatic wildlife and birds from a unique view. This activity allows them to spot crocodiles, gharials, and various water birds. Canoeing trips use traditional dugout canoes, offering an authentic and eco-friendly way to enjoy the park's waterways.

Visiting Elephant breeding center

The Elephant Breeding Center in Chitwan, established in 1985, lets visitors learn about Asian elephant conservation. Guests can see baby elephants and their mothers, gaining insights into their behavior, biology, and the challenges of preserving this endangered species. The center helps maintain a healthy elephant population, supporting both conservation and park management.

Tharu Village Tour 

Tharu village tour in Chitwan National Park immerses visitors in the culture of indigenous communities near the park. Visitors can explore traditional Tharu architecture, observe daily activities, and learn about local customs and practices. The tours often include demonstrations of traditional crafts, music, and dance, providing a clear view of the rich cultural heritage of Nepal's Terai region.

Birdwatching 

Birdwatching in Chitwan National Park is a paradise for both ornithologists and casual bird lovers. The park hosts over 500 bird species, including rare and endangered ones. Visitors can spot colorful kingfishers, majestic hornbills, and elusive Bengal floricans. Expert naturalists lead guided tours, helping visitors identify different species and understand their behaviors. The best times to go birdwatching are early mornings and late afternoons when birds are most active.

Jungle/Nature walk 

Jungle and nature walks offer an immersive experience in Chitwan National Park. With experienced guides, visitors can explore the park's sal forests, grasslands, and river areas on foot. These walks let visitors see smaller wildlife, learn about local plants, and understand the park's ecology. Guides point out animal tracks, explain the medicinal uses of plants, and share insights into the park’s conservation efforts.

Tower Night stay at Chitwan National Park 

The Tower Night Stay offers a unique experience in Chitwan. Visitors can spend a night in an observation tower within the park, gaining a rare chance to witness nighttime wildlife activities. From the safety of the tower, they can hear animal calls, observe movements with night-vision equipment, and watch the jungle come alive after dark. The activity also provides an opportunity to see beautiful sunrises over the park's landscape.

Flora and fauna in Chitwan National Park

Chitwan National Park is rich in wildlife and vegetation. The park's forests are mostly tropical and Chitwan National Park is a biodiversity hotspot with abundant wildlife and vegetation. The park is home to more than 50 mammal species, over 525 bird species, and 55 types of amphibians and reptiles. The animals found in Chitwan National Park include several endangered species such as the one-horned rhinoceros, gaur, Royal Bengal tiger, wild elephant, four-horned antelope, pangolin, golden monitor lizard, python, Bengal florican, giant hornbill, lesser florican, black stork, and white stork.

The park features tropical and subtropical forests, where sal trees are the most common. These forests mix with grasslands, riverbanks, and wetlands, creating diverse habitats. Chitwan is home to over 700 plant species, including orchids, ferns, and medicinal herbs. Tall elephant grasses along the riverbanks provide shelter for many animals. The park's lakes and marshes also host aquatic plants like water hyacinth and lotus.

Chitwan National Park is famous for its rare and endangered animals. The Bengal tiger roams around the forests and grasslands. You can spot rhinos and many bird species in the Baghmara Community Forest. Other notable mammals include Asian elephants, sloth bears, leopards, and various deer species such as sambar and spotted deer.

The park's rivers, like the Narayani and Rapti, are home to gharials and mugger crocodiles. The gharial is the world's longest crocodile, growing up to over six meters. Birdwatchers can enjoy spotting more than 540 bird species, including the critically endangered Bengal florican, giant hornbill, and various eagles and vultures. The Bis Hajaar Taal wetland area and Tamar Taal are especially good for bird watching. The park also boasts a variety of butterflies, adding vibrant colors to the landscape.

Permit/ Entry Fees required for Chitwan National Park 

The entrance fees of Chitwan National Park vary based on visitor categories. Foreign adults are charged NPR 2,000 per person per day, while children aged 10-15 are charged NPR 1,000. For SAARC country nationals, the fee is NPR 1,000 for adults and NPR 500 for children. Nepali citizens need to pay NPR 100 for adults and NPR 50 for children. Students may receive discounts on entry fees, though the exact amount may vary. The entrance fee covers access to the park's wildlife and natural beauty although extra charges may apply for activities, like jeep safaris or canoe rides.

Accommodation in Chitwan

Chitwan National Park offers a range of accommodation options both inside and near the park, catering to different preferences and budgets. The hotels in Chitwan National Park and its surroundings provide visitors with diverse choices for their stay.

Inside the park, you can stay in watch towers that were originally built for park rangers. These towers provide a unique experience, allowing you to be in the heart of the jungle. You'll be surrounded by nature's sounds and have the chance to spot animals at night or early in the morning. The facilities are basic, but the experience of being close to wildlife is exceptional.

Just outside the park, you’ll find several places to stay. Government lodges offer simple, comfortable rooms at an affordable price. For more amenities, private resorts and hotels near the park range from mid-range to luxury. These accommodations often feature swimming pools, restaurants, and air-conditioned rooms, and many organize jungle activities like elephant rides and nature walks.

In nearby towns like Sauraha and Meghauli, there are even more options. Budget travelers can choose from guesthouses or homestays, which are inexpensive and offer a chance to interact with locals. For more comfort, mid-range hotels with private bathrooms and better amenities are available. If you’re looking for luxury, several high-end resorts provide excellent services, often including spas and stunning views of the surrounding nature.

Most accommodations offer package deals combining room, meals, and recreational activities. Booking ahead is recommended, especially from October to March, the busy season. You might find good deals during the off-season, but some smaller places might be closed. No matter where you choose to stay, you’ll be well-positioned to explore the amazing beauty and wildlife of the Chitwan National Park. 

Safety inside Chitwan National Park 

Safety in Chitwan National Park is a serious concern, and accidents can occur despite what lodge owners and guides might claim. Each year, accidents result in one or two fatalities in the park. With no nearby emergency medical facilities, reaching the closest hospital in Bharatpur takes at least two hours, making it very challenging to handle major injuries.

Rhinos pose the greatest risk. They can charge if they feel threatened. If a rhino lowers its head and steps back, it might be getting ready to charge. If this happens, run in a zigzag pattern and throw a piece of clothing to distract it. Hide behind or climb a large tree if possible. Sloth bears can also be dangerous if surprised. If a bear approaches, attempt to climb a small tree. If you see a tiger, don’t run. Instead, stare it in the eyes, hold your ground, and make yourself look intimidating by pulling faces and shouting. Always avoid getting near mother animals with their young.

The best way to stay safe is to have an experienced guide. Even the best guides, however, cannot guarantee safety. Many young and enthusiastic guides might encourage tourists to get too close to wildlife. Guides also can’t track all animal locations or assist more than one person at a time in an emergency. For safety, reputable guides will usually have at least two guides for each group. Always prioritize safety and respect wildlife to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience in Chitwan National Park.

Conservation of Chitwan National Park 

Chitwan National Park has put in place a strong conservation strategy to protect its diverse wildlife and environment. The park works on managing habitats by clearing grasslands, removing invasive plants, and maintaining water sources like ponds and tube wells. In 2019, the park started building artificial highlands to give rhinos and other animals a safe place during floods, choosing locations carefully based on environmental needs.

The park supports endangered species by running special breeding centers for gharials, turtles, and vultures. The vulture breeding center is especially important, as it houses up to 25 pairs of two critically endangered Gyps vulture species from Nepal. The park’s efforts also extend to a 750 sq. km buffer zone around the park. This area helps connect the park with local communities, with 30-50% of the park’s revenue used for sustainable resource management and community development. The buffer zone also tackles human-wildlife conflicts through compensation schemes and other measures.

Community involvement is crucial to Chitwan’s conservation strategy. The park collaborates with local residents on initiatives such as population surveys of endangered species and supports community-managed fish ponds. These projects help with conservation and provide new livelihoods for people who used to rely on fishing in the park’s rivers. The park also has anti-poaching measures, including regular patrols and the use of drones for surveillance. It runs education and awareness programs for locals and visitors to highlight the importance of biodiversity. The park collaborates with national and international organizations including UNESCO World Heritage Center, the World Wide Fund (WWF), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) for research, funding, and sharing expertise to ensure its conservation efforts are effective and based on the latest scientific knowledge.

People of Chitwan National Park  

The main ethnic groups in the Chitwan area include the Tharu, Chepang, Bote, Uranw, and Kumal. Among these, the Tharu hold special significance as they are believed to be the first inhabitants of the region.

The Tharu people have lived in Chitwan’s forests for centuries. They practice unique farming methods, such as rotating crops to allow the soil to recover. As forest dwellers, the Tharu have developed a distinct culture that sets them apart from other Nepali groups. Interestingly, they may have some natural resistance to malaria, though scientists are still investigating the reasons behind this.

Historically, many people lived within what is now Chitwan National Park, leading to conflicts between humans and wildlife over forest resources. Wild animals often damaged crops and sometimes posed threats to people. To address these issues, the government relocated villages like Padampur outside the park boundaries. This relocation has helped protect the animals, but it has also significantly impacted the local communities, who now reside outside the park.

Today, visitors can explore Tharu culture through village walks or homestays. However, it is important to approach these experiences with respect and avoid treating them as mere tourist attractions.

Conclusion 

Chitwan National Park highlights Nepal's commitment to conservation and eco-friendly tourism. Visitors can explore the diverse wildlife and lush landscapes of the Terai region. The park offers both thrilling jungle safaris and serene river trips, catering to nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers.

While enjoying these activities, visitors should prioritize safety and respect the environment. The park successfully balances wildlife protection with supporting nearby residents, thanks to its conservation efforts and local community involvement. Visiting  Chitwan lets you experience Nepal's natural beauty and helps preserve this remarkable ecosystem. The park serves as a prime example of how tourism, conservation, and community engagement can work together to protect our planet's natural areas for future generations.